When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Scaffolds shall not be bridged one to another. Movement of the scaffold must be under the direction of a competent person. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. Do not sell or share my personal information. Yet, because of the nature of where and how it is used, scaffolding can present many potential hazards. Boatswains' chair tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearings or bushed blocks containing safety hooks and properly "eye-spliced" minimum five-eighth (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter first-grade manila rope, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength and durability) of manila rope. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: On the hands, from direct contact with current. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. common. Scaffolding must not be placed on unstable objects, such as bricks or blocks. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. Where wooden poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower section. If bridges are not used, passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height and are abutting. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: suspended scaffolds Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: -- Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade Move the personnel platform slowly and cautiously and have a rotation-resistant rope with a safety factor of 10 The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Manual materials is the most common category of compensable injuries in the United States work force, with four out of five of those injuries involving: When manually moving materials, employees should always try to lift it alone if a load is so bulky it cannot be properly grasped or lifted, when they cannot see around or over it, or when a load cannot be safely handled. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. Secure access to the scaffold. All diagonal . If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . Why? Scaffolds shall be stabilized to prevent tipping during movement. Scaffolds shall be securely attached to the window opening. When horses are arranged in tiers, each tier shall be crossbraced. Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. Move the scaffold into your desired position, and make sure it is level and secure. On scaffolds whose length is greater than their height, such bracing shall be repeated beginning at least at every fifth post. fabricated frame scaffold, the mobile scaffold, the tube and coupler scaffold, the system that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. Place the planks. Electrocution, electric shock, burns, indirect (e.g., a fall from a ladder). Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Power systems used to propel mobile scaffolds shall be designed for such use. OSHA MODULE 5 Scaffolds Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work platform when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Learning Objectives When the bearers are coupled to the runners, the couplers shall be as close to the posts as possible. To prevent surface water from entering an excavation and to provide adequate drainage of the adjacent area, OSHA standards require the use of: Water removal equipment, diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable methods. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. Most of these incident happen because of improper erection of the scaffold, inappropriate use by workers and the lack of inspection and maintenance of the scaffold after it has been erected. Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. You can read the details below. Suspension ropes and cables shall be connected to the overhead supporting members by shackles, clips, thimbles, or other means that meet equivalent criteria (e.g., strength, durability). B. Why do we characterize the heat conduction ability of insulators in terms of their apparent thermal conductivity instead of the ordinary thermal conductivity? Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. The ground is level and stable. which of the following statements is false? Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. USA (v. 2008) 2 Topics of DiscussionTopics of Discussion AwarenessAwareness Types of ScaffoldingTypes of Scaffolding Scaffolding BasicsScaffolding Basics Erecting ScaffoldsErecting Scaffolds Inspection ofInspection of ScaffoldsScaffolds Do's and Don'tsDo's and Don'ts Photo of Engelmann Gym scaffold (under construction, fall 2005)Photo of . Apr. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. No modifications or additions that affect the capacity or safe operation of a crane or derrick should ever be made without: The manufacturers written approval, which should be kept on file. missing parts due to area obstructions). (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) Scaffolding by UWM 1. 1. Which industries are employees potentially exposed to silica dust: Anytime an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must: If a worker on a scaffold can fall more than 10 feet: They must be protected by guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems (PFAS). The original scaffold layout is still feasible. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. D. Static electricity gathers outside the circuit. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. scaffold, and the suspended scaffold. To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. Do not force frames or . All ladders used to support ladder jack scaffolds shall meet the requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support ladder jack scaffolds. 6. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. All ladders used in conjunction with step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the pertinent requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support such scaffolds. proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. List at least three of the four main hazards to which persons working on a improper grounding of circuitry and equipment. Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Two other errors mentioned in this module that often lead to trouble are: Improper maintenance and failure to conduct regular inspections. scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for We thoroughly check each answer to a question to provide you with the most correct answers. Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails and ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone. Other requirements are listed Scaffolds must be designed by a professional engineer in the following situations: Supported scaffolds exceeding: fifteen metres in height above their base support; or 3. Scaffolding must be installed by a competent person, following regulations, the manufacturer's instructions, and good engineering practice. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: OSHAs electrical standards are based on: What are the four main types of electrical injuries? Scaffold platforms shall not be placed any higher than the second highest rung or step of the ladder supporting the platform. 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. No employee is on any part of the scaffold which extends outward beyond the wheels, casters, or other supports. Erecting Scaffolding Safely. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? Before an abrasive wheel is mounted, it should be inspected closely and: Sound- or ring-tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects. Employers must provide employees with effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area: At the time of their initial assignment. Diagonal braces shall be installed on all sides of each square. Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. We've encountered a problem, please try again. least three examples of incorporating each of the elements. Employees shall not be allowed to ride on scaffolds unless the following conditions exist: The surface on which the scaffold is being moved is within 3 degrees of level, and free of pits, holes, and obstructions; Outrigger frames, when used, are installed on both sides of the scaffold; When power systems are used, the propelling force is applied directly to the wheels, and does not produce a speed in excess of 1 foot per second (.3 mps); and. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. . The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. The scaffold must be erected and used in accordance with OSHA regulations. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. Scaffolds have been around for thousands of years, and there are myriad types and sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. A scaffold should always be erected: Choose one answer. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so that workers have a safe, stable platform on which to work when work cannot be done at ground level or on a finished floor. Scaffolds not specifically addressed by 1926.452, such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451. 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