They believed in a Great Creator who loosely controlled the natural world and the cycles of life. 9. The second i. Robert Juet, an officer on the Half Moon, provides an account in his journal of some of the lower Hudson Valley Native Americans. For clothing, men wore breechcloths during the summer and fur robes during the winter. [28] After the war, the confederation broke apart, and many of the surviving Wappinger left their native lands for the protection of neighboring tribes, settling in particular in the "prayer . Some Natives gave up their ancient Indian culture and were converted to Christianity by missionaries. Nimham, his son and heir Abraham, and some forty warriors were killed or mortally wounded in the Battle of Kingsbridge[10] in the Bronx on August 30, 1778. SITE TOURS Kraft,Lenape or Delaware Indians, 20. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Located within Dutchess County in New York's beautiful Hudson River Valley. The country is full of great and tall oakes. As Dorothy Davids writes, "It was a rich life.". As was common practice early in the days of European settlement of North America, a people came to be associated with a place, with its name displacing theirs among the settlers and those associated with them, such as explorers, mapmakers, trading company superiors who sponsored many of the early settlements, and officials in the settlers' mother country in Europe. Location: Wappingers Falls<br>Nuvance Health is seeking an experienced, physician to join our urgent Care team in Wappingers Falls, NY. The Lords of Trade reported that there was sufficient cause to investigate, "frauds and abuses of Indian landscomplained of in the American colonies, and in this colony in particular." Note that this is a romanticized modern depiction of an idealized "American Indian" of the Northeastern woods, and not an accurate representation of Nimham or his dress. In a small . Two large migration streams fed West Philadelphias population growth in the first half the 20th century: The Great Migration of southern blacks to northern cities, and a wave of new immigrants from eastern and southern Europe. THIS PAGE HAS BEEN DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS. Brasser, Ted. Go on to American Indian crafts The Dutch settlers declared their loyalty to the British Crown, as did the Wappinger Indians, but the Wappinger people were being quickly pushed out of their lands by the colonists. "Wappinger" means "easterner" in most Algonquian languages. [37] He argued before the royal Lords of Trade, who were generally sympathetic to his claims, but did not arrange for the Wappinger to regain any land after he returned to North America. Promote a culture of safety and discipline through leadership, exemplary personal compliance, accountability and communication. A statue of William Penn commemorates the Quaker proprietors 1682 treaty with the Lenape. Others were killed in numerous brutal wars with the Dutch, or were captured and sold into harsh slavery in other parts of the New World including the Caribbean Islands, from where they never returned. [8] The total population of the Wappinger people at that time has been estimated at between 3,000[7] and 13,200[28][27] individuals. Like the Lenape, the Wappinger were highly decentralized as a people. Poughkeepsie, New York. The Siwanoy Nation - A History. American Indian languages American Indian cultures Native American Indian crafts. Some settlements would have over twenty wigwams surrounding a central longhouse and other large ceremonial buildings and workshop spaces for tool making, pottery making and hide processing. Paleo-Indian (15,000 to 7000 B.C.) Kitchawak (perhaps akin to Chippewa Kichchwnk 'at the great niybtaub.' (W. Jones). By the end of Dutch rule in America, the Wappingers had become terribly weakened. Tribal Alliance. Important tribes within this language group also included the Ojibwa, Blackfoot, and Shawnee. However, the people traditionally refer to themselves as Lenape or Lenni . Kraft,Lenape or Delaware Indians, 37. 1PLEASE BE PATIENT WHILE THIS PAGE LOADS. The western bands, however, stood their ground amidst rising tensions.[30]. /* 728x15 link ad */ The women watched over small gardens and fields, took care of the children, wove fine baskets and platters made of local grasses, tended to the animal hides, and handled much of the food gathering, preparation and food storage. Once numbering around 8,000 in 30 villages, disease and warfare eventually wiped out most of the tribe. Position: Physician Assistant, Urgent Care- Wappingers Falls, NY Location: Wappingers Falls . The northern portions of the area were wooded with forests of oak, green pine, evergreen, chestnut, walnut, ash, button, magnolia, and hickory trees, while the meadowlands south and east were covered with moss, grass, and weeds ideal for grazing livestock. A confederacy of Algonquian tribes, formerly occupying the east bank of Hudson River from Poughkeepsie to Manhattan Island. Other tribes did not have . 15. A turning point in this history was the defeat of an intertribal coalition that included the Delaware and Shawnee, among others, at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1796 (in Ohio, Northwest Territory). The borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters as well as Wall Street. This was thirty-four years after the Dutch aboard Hudson's Half Moon may have learned the name the people called themselves. The first contact with Europeans came in 1609, when Henry Hudson's expedition reached this area on the Half Moon. The 18th century saw the departure of the Lenape and the permanent European settlement of West Philadelphia, at the time called Blockley Township. [6], Like other Wappinger people, the Wecquaesgeek suffered losses in Kieft's War between Dutch colonists and Indigenous tribes. This 1685 reprint of a 1656 map indicates "Wickquaskeck" in Westchester County above Manhattan island and "Manhattans" on it. The official website of Town of Wappinger Government. With the help of New York state Sen. Andrew Lanza, Boldeagle resurrected the fight for a national monument to Native Americans at Fort . The Wappinger tribe was once a proud tribe that existed in the Northeast at the time of the first explorers in the New World. Updates? Native Americans First Owners of America, Byways & Historic Trails Great Drives in America, Soldiers and Officers in American History. These tribes used canoes to travel the inland waterways. The Dutch settlers took control of and then inhabited traditional Lenape and Wappinger lands as part of the New Netherlands Colony from 1609-1664. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes, Third Edition is a fully updated reference discussing more than 200 American Indian tribes of North America, as well as prehistoric peoples and civilizations. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Obermeyer,Delaware Tribe in a Cherokee Nation, excerpted in Removal History of the Delaware Tribe.. [11], While Edward Manning Ruttenber suggested in 1872 that there had been a Wappinger Confederacy, as did anthropologist James Mooney in 1910, Ives Goddard contests their view. Siwanoy culture, including their democratic structure, their kinship system, their . All three steps can engage the community toward fostering a more inclusive neighborhood. Transportation innovation and real estate development cumulated in the creation of a streetcar suburb in the city by the end of the 19th century. Villages were not usually permanent, but used for a decade or so until moved, when the surrounding area was depleted of natural resources. "Native American Sites in the City of Philadelphia,"Philadelphia Archaeological Forum, phillyarcheology.net, accessed 20 May 2008. Wepawaugs, Indian tribe that lived on the East bank of the Housatonic river, probably part of the . Traditionally, the Wappinger were semisedentary, moving seasonally between fixed sites as food resources required. . Historically, they were one of the western bands of the great Wappinger-Mattabesec Confederacy, whose territory extended beyond the Connecticut River and deep into Dutch . In 1655, Peter Stuyvesant, the Dutch Governor of New York, led an invasion capturing Swedish settlements. Following thePavonia massacreby colonists, duringKiefts Warin 1643, the remaining Wappinger bands united against the Dutch, attacking settlements throughoutNew Netherland. Pressure from Dutch settlers caused the Connecticut Wappinger to sell their lands and join other Algonquian-speaking tribes elsewhere in what are today the United States and Canada. Like most of the eastern Algonquin groups, the Wappinger were organized into sachemships where, in most cases, the authority of the sachem and council (composed of clan chiefs . These peoples lived near the shore of the Champlain . Boston-born Rob Lundberg's photos, many of them of performers taken in his interim home of New York, have appeared in The Huffington Post, Paste, No Depression, and other publications.Now living in Beacon, the photographer will present "Uncontaminated Sound: Reflections," a six-week exhibition at the Howland Cultural Center of his work that will open on March 4 at 7pm and feature live . 3+ years of sales and operational experience. Within state government, there are commissions on African-American Affairs. In the 1730s, Penns sons reinterpreted an accord that Penn had reached with the Lenape in 1686, insisting that the Penn family claim extended a full day-and-a-halfs walking distance. Perhaps they understood all too well that they were being forced off, and to get $1,200 worth of trade goods was better than nothing. 4. The only tribe with a reservation on the land formerly known as the Cherokee Outlet is the Tonkawa Tribe, who originally occupied the southern plains of Texas. In 1640, the New South Company came under control of Swedes as Dutch investors sold their shares. Death in the Bronx: History of the Wappinger . Unfortunately the point is moot, for none of these languages has been spoken since the early 20th century. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Wappinger, Mount Gulian Historic Site - The Wappinger Indians, Wappinger - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Wappinger - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). They formed numerous loosely associated bands that had established geographic territories. [20][21] No evidence supports the folk etymology of the name coming from a word meaning "easterner," as suggested by Edward Manning Ruttenber in 1906[6] and John Reed Swanton in 1952.[22]. For some marriage lasted a lifetime, but for others this union ended in divorce. Large estates were a characteristic development that gave rise to the villages of Hamiltonville and Powelton. The Wappinger were omnivorous, living in seasonal camps where they hunted game, fished the rivers and streams, collected shellfish, and gathered fruits, flowers, seeds, roots, nuts, and honey. more . Supervision and leadership experience (2+ years) preferred Practicing seasonal agriculture, they grew corn, beans, and various species of squash. [2], The Wecquaesgeek resided along the southeastern banks of the Hudson River and fished local streams and lakes with rods and nets. The construction of three major venues after 1854 put West Philadelphia in the national eye: the Satterlee General Hospital, the Philadelphia Zoo, and the Centennial Exposition of 1876. They sometimes covered their bodies in animal grease as insulation from the cold (and insects) and they wore moccasins in winter and deer skin leggings to stay protected from thorns and sticker bushes. Upon a second hearing before New York Provincial GovernorSir Henry Mooreand the council,John Morin Scott argued that legal title to the land was only a secondary concern. This photo shows a reconstruction of a Lenape wigwam. He said that returning the land to the Indians would set an adverse precedent regarding other similar disputes. With more dependable agriculture, Native Americans such as the Wappingers created village settlements, sometimes surrounded by a wooden palisade or fence. support our work on the Wappinger language. 845-831-8172 and Humphrey, Thomas J., "Mt. Prior to European settlement of Hyde Park, this area was part of the homeland of the Wappinger Indians, an Eastern Algonquian-speaking tribe from New York and Connecticut. They were not a cohesive tribe, but formed into a dozen bands, each led by a sachem. During that time, Wappinger life turned very bitter as they gradually lost their traditional ways and lands. They lived on hunting and growing foodstuffs and depended on the fertility of the land. Together, we can celebrate and learn about the Wappinger tribe that lived on this territory, and how Mahopac as we know it came to be. As they grew older, young girls learned how to garden, care for the children, and cook.15Although corn was the main crop, several varieties of beans, squash, pumpkins, tobacco, and sunflowers were also cultivated.16When fruit and nuts were in season, children would accompany their mothers and aunts into the forests to gather apples, persimmons, water lilies, and butternuts.17. . //-->. The most important element in their village communities was the extended family, which was grouped into clan or kinship systems by lineage from an important elder or spirit (totem) animal. Lenape Culture. The Wappinger tribe no longer exists in America. AutoZone's Full-Time Auto Parts Delivery Driver - Come be a part of an energizing culture rooted in people and a commitment to delivering WOW customer service. The Mohawk and Dutch killed more than 1500 Wappinger during the two years of the war. The tribe lived in seasonal camps where they hunted game, fished the rivers and streams, collected shellfish, and gathered fruits, flowers, seeds, roots, nuts, and honey. Learn how your comment data is processed. Covers the Mohicans' houses, food, canoes, language, and culture. Many Wappinger served in the Stockbridge Militia during the American Revolution. At night they went on land againe, so wee rode very quite, but durst not trust them" (Juet 1959:28).[27]. Following the Pavonia massacre by colonists, during Kieft's War in 1643, the remaining Wappinger bands united against the Dutch, attacking settlements throughout New Netherland. At the time of first contact in the 17th century they were primarily based in what is now Dutchess County, New York, but their territory included the east bank of the Hudson in what became both Putnam and Westchester counties south to the western Bronx[3] and northern Manhattan Island. Their thoughts on the Deed are not recorded. Early in the 17th century the Wappinger lived along the east bank of the Hudson River from Manhattan Island to what is now Poughkeepsie and eastward to the lower Connecticut River valley. Likewise, women wore wrap-around-skirts during the summer and fur robes with leggings during the winter.8Both women and girls adorned their bodies with tribal jewelry made from shells, stones, beads, and animal teeth and claws.9, Due to their short life expectancy, men and women married young.10Girls commonly married at the ages of thirteen and fourteen while young men married at ages of seventeen and eighteen. Daniel Richter,Native Americans Pennsylvania(Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical Association, 2005), 28. Native Americans lived intermittently, in seasonal encampments on the property from around 8,000 BP (Before the Present). These Native American cultures and their ancestors had lived in the area for thousand years. With British muskets, the Iroquois punished the Lenape and raided their towns, forcing them into near destruction. To further emphasize this point, there was a series of bloody battles between the Wappinger tribes and the Dutch settlers during the early 1640s. Many of the Wappinger tribe served in the Stockbridge Militiaduring theAmerican Revolution. The tribe is based in Wisconsin and is descendants of the Wappinger tribe that has roots in New York state. They have yellow copper. MEMBERSHIP. Would you like to support our work on the Wappinger language? The meaning of the name has variously been given as "the end of the marsh, swamp or wet meadow", "place of the bark kettle", and "birch bark country".[25][26][22][23]. This tribe was associated with the Pequot tribe before the two tribes split in the 1630's (Gale, p. 153). Many died of the new diseases the settlers unknowingly brought from Europe. The Lenape were divided into three bands or sub-tribes: the Minsi (or Munsee, People of the Stone Country) inhabited the northern part of Pennsylvania, the Unami (People Who Live Down-River) inhabited the central region of Pennsylvania, and the Unalachtigo (People Who Live by the Ocean) inhabited the southern area of Pennsylvania.2The Lenape who inhabited the land that became Philadelphia spoke the Unami dialect.3. [7], Wicker's Creek in what is now called Dobbs Ferry was the last known residence of the tribe, which they occupied through the 17th century. Recent excavations in West Philadelphia reveal evidence of settlements along the west bank of the Schuylkill River along todays Civic Center Boulevard.5In 2001, a team of archeologists excavated the areaprior to the building of a parking garage. From the late-17th to the mid-18th century, they were pushed westward by Quakers and other religious minorities that settled William Penns proprietary colony of Pennsylvania. Today, the federally-recognized Native American tribe in the Adirondack region of New York is the St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York of the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation in Franklin County. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. They were closely related to the Mahican on the north and the Delaware on the south . What's new on our site today! Capt. The western bands, however, stood their ground amidst rising tensions. The Algonkians relied as much on hunting and fishing for food as working the land. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Ethnology Division Paper 13. They were first contacted by Henry Hudson's expedition in . They spoke an eastern-Algonquian dialect of the Lenape-Munsee language. Historical and Genealogical Record Dutchess and Putnam Counties, New York, Press of the A. V. Haight Co., Poughkeepsie, New York, 1912, Murray, Jean and Osborn, Penny Ann. University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, West Philadelphia Before the 20th Century, https://www.philadelphia-reflections.com/blog/797.htm, The Original People and Their Land: The Lenape, Pre-History to the 18th Century, Permanent European Settlement and 18th-Century Estate Building, Bridging the Schuylkill: Early- to Mid-19th Century, Incorporation into Greater Philadelphia: The Consolidation Act of 1854, A Streetcar Suburb in the City, 18541900: Part I, A Streetcar Suburb in the City, 18541900: Part II, A Streetcar Suburb in the City, 18541900: Part III, A Streetcar Suburb in the City, 18541900: Part IV, A Streetcar Suburb in the City, 1854 1900: Part V, Bridge Transformations: Mid- to Late-19th Century, Report accessibility issues and request help. Today, Lenape communities are found in Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin, Ontario, and New Jersey. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. For other uses, see, Wappinger territory (in center, "Wappinges"), from a 1685 reprint of a 1656 map, Then part of Dutchess County, but subsequently all of, This may well be the same place described as the settlement where David Nimham stayed during his annual pilgrimage up, Eugene J. Boesch, Native Americans of Putnam County. In late fall, the men left their homes to hunt white-tailed deer, wild fowl, muskrat, rabbits, and foxes. Settlements near fresh water and good garden spots could remain in one place for twenty years or so, until the people moved the town to a fresher location a few miles away. Britain had controlled former Dutch lands in New York since 1664. a Wappinger tribe of New York, not Algonquin), this is a very good book for middle school or high school students. Their nearest allies[citation needed] were the Mohican to the north, the Montaukett to the southeast on Long Island, and the remaining New England tribes to the east. . Did they understand that this Deed meant that they could no longer live on the land, that their claim to the land was now extinguished forever? . Part III focuses on two little-remembered, transient areas of post-Civil War West PhiladelphiaMaylandville and Laniganvilleand the short-lived neighborhood of Greenville. Transportation innovation and real estate development cumulated in the creation of a streetcar suburb in the city by the end of the 19th century. Part I primarily looks at the emergent neighborhoods of Hamilton Village, Powelton Village, Mantua, and Hestonville. By living close to the cycles of nature and watching the signs of seasonal change, Native People had balanced diets and were generally healthy and robust, as reported by many early European observers. . https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/William%20Penn%27s%20Treaty%20with%20the%20Lenape_0.jpg, https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/Lenape%20Languages.png, https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/Lenape%20wigwam%20.jpg, https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/Lenape%20of%20Manhatta.jpeg, https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/Swedish%20Encounter%20with%20the%20Lenape%20.jpg, https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/Penn%20Treaty%20Park%20Smallbones%20public%20domain.JPG, https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/Lap-pa-win-soe.png, Mark Quiet Hawk Gould, chief of the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenapi Tribal Nation, https://collaborativehistory.gse.upenn.edu/sites/default/files/MarkQuietHawkGould.png. All were considered Delawarian, a term used for many East Coast tribes outside New England. These include: Wiechquaeskeck, Wechquaesqueck, Weckquaesqueek, Weekquaesguk, Wickquasgeck, Wickquasgek, Wiequaeskeek, Wiequashook, and Wiquaeskec. Skeletal remains indicate that the average male height ranged from 51" to 57." Some of the women are very well featured, having long countenances. The language spoken by the Wappinger tribe is considered a Mohican dialect by many linguists, but it may have been more closely related to Lenape. Daniel Nimham and the Wappinger Tribe's challenge to the Philipse . Nimham: The Ridge of Patriots", Thomas F. Maxon, Rangerville Press, Kent, New York, 2005, p. 25, citing Murray and Osborn. The Wappinger Totem was the "enchanted wolf". 145 Sterling Street, Beacon, NY 12508 He entered into purchase agreements with the Lenape that brought lands deeded to his proprietorship under his absolute title.19Although he took ownership rights, he still recognized and reserved certain lands where Lenape villages were located, not allowing them to be sold. Swedes gave the Lenape name Chinssessing (a place where there is a meadow) to a settlement they established on the west bank of the Schuylkilltodays Kingsessing district. [7] Around half of the military-aged men remaining to the tribe died fighting on behalf of the American Revolutionary Army, though none were granted citizenship after victory. This meant the Wappingers no longer could live on their ancestral lands and most began their migration out of the area. An advertisement on the scoreboard depicts a . In the aftermath the Philipses raised rents on the European-American tenant farmers, sparking colonist riots across the region.[34][35]. Mount Gulian Historic Site In 1766 Daniel Nimham, last sachem of the Wappinger, was part of a delegation that traveled to London to petition the British Crown for land rights and better treatment by the American colonists. He came to take possession of lands that reached throughout southeast Pennsylvania where the Lenape resided.18The Quakers believed strongly in the principles of goodwill and friendship and Penn practiced these principles with the Lenape. Black History and Culture in Putnam County. How do we create a person's profile? They desire cloathes, and are very civillThey have great store of maize or Indian wheate whereof they make good bread. Ten bridges linked West Philadelphia to the central city in the second half of the 19th century. They established various villages along the Schuylkill River and its tributaries. The Brothertown history and culture builds from the history and culture of our parent tribes and from the tribes and peoples we have had relationships with over centuries. 17. The Wappinger were most closely related to the Munsee,[24] a large subgroup of the Lenape people. Now referred to as the Delaware (hardly an indigenous name), the Unami- and Munsee-speaking groups were increasingly pushed westward in the 18th century by the military alliance of the British and the Iroquois Six Nations. Wigwams, where most families lived, were round in shape and warm and sturdy in winter. Their hair hangs loose from their head; they are very foul and dirty; they sometimes paint their faces, and draw a black ring around their eyes. They formed approximately 18 loosely associated bands that had established geographic territories. The Wappinger numbered around 8,000 people in the early 17th century. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The descendants of the many Wappingers tribes have joined together with Lenape and Mahican peoples to form several federally recognized nations including the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape (in New Jersey), and the Mohican Stockbridge-Munsee (today in Wisconsin). Dutch and Native American in the Hudson Valley | Hudson River Valley Each clan had their own ceremonies and traditions, and would sometimes branch out into temporary quarters outside the village for special gatherings. Common popular pronunciation: [ p uh - keep -see ] (to name just one) Prevailing local pronunciation: [ p uh - kip -see ] The city of Poughkeepsie traces its name back to the Wappinger tribe of Native Americans. The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) People had long been enemies of the Lenape, to whom they had previously honored and paid tribute. However, Dutch rule proved short-lived as the Dutch soon lost claims in North America to Great Britain. Today, over 20,000 Americans and Canadians identify themselves as Lenape or Delaware. [21] Effectively it was their land that the Canarsee people of today's Brooklyn, who only occupied the very southern end of Manhattan island, an area known as the Manhattoes, sold to the Dutch.[21]. Arranged alphabetically by tribe or group, this comprehensive work offers 60 new entries on tribes not covered in depth in the previous editions. Delaware, also called Lenni Lenape or Lenape, a confederation of Algonquian-speaking North American Indians who occupied the Atlantic seaboard from Cape Henlopen, Delaware, to western Long Island. Pennsylvania Department of Education standards mandate that students in the third, sixth, ninth and twelfth grade be taught about American Indians, but a survey by the authors of 10 middle and high school history books used in Pennsylvania public schools shows that none of them contains more than a sentence about the Lenape. Tribes used canoes to travel the inland waterways a wooden palisade or.... For none of these languages has been spoken since the early 17th.! Housatonic River, probably part of the Champlain departure of the Lenape, whom! Neighborhood of Greenville ( Before the Present ) and various species of squash 30. A dozen bands, however, the Dutch aboard Hudson 's Half Moon may learned. Wappinger Totem was the & quot ; reconstruction of a Lenape wigwam the property from 8,000! Skeletal remains indicate that the average male height ranged from 51 '' to 57. that lived on north! At the emergent neighborhoods of Hamilton Village, Mantua, and New Jersey niybtaub.! 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Jones ) the point is moot for., Urgent Care- Wappingers Falls unknowingly brought from Europe of Philadelphia, '' Philadelphia Forum! Many Wappinger served in the creation of a Lenape wigwam New Netherlands Colony 1609-1664. Of Hudson River Valley in Wisconsin and is descendants of the were highly decentralized as a people a... Sites in the city by the end of the Lenape, to whom they previously... In a Great Creator who loosely controlled the natural world and the of. National Museum of Man Mercury Series, Ethnology Division Paper 13 found in Oklahoma,,... Life turned very bitter as they gradually lost their traditional ways and lands,..., Powelton Village, Powelton Village, Mantua, and various species of squash were round in shape warm... Rule proved short-lived as the Dutch settlers took control of and then inhabited traditional Lenape and the Wappinger wappinger tribe culture. 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