do you need hazmat to haul batteries

The manufacturer of your electronic may also offer a mail-in program. Hazard Class 9 is the miscellaneous class of hazardous materials. Every year, almost 2.78 million workers die from work-related illness and accidents. Fires in aircraft can result in catastrophic events presenting unique challenges not encountered in other transport modes. The purpose of TSAs background check is to prevent people convicted of specific crimes (many violents) to not be in charge of dangerous chemicals that can kill people. The HMR apply to any material DOT determines can pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce. Message and data rates may apply. We are particularly concerned with undeclared shipments of lithium batteries and we will be focusing on discovering these shipments and those persons responsible for offering them in transportation. X This endorsement is a combination of both the thank endorsement and hazardous materials all rolled into one. Want to know more about when you need an endorsement for hazmat? Lithium cells and batteries offered for transportation must have passed the design tests found in the United Nations (UN) Manual of Tests and Criteria, Section 38.3. 1. Lithium batteries are a Class 9 hazardous material. One of the packages was discovered emitting smoke after landing at its destination. Issued in Washington, DC, on September 29, 2009. When shipped by vessel in quantities over 100 kg they must be shipped as fully- regulated Class 9 hazardous materials/dangerous . There were no markings or labels on the outer package indicating the material was a hazardous material. A placard is not required for domestic transportation of Class 9 hazardous materials. Each pictogram consists of a symbol on a white background framed within a red border and represents a distinct hazard(s). Next, you will need to schedule an appointment which can be done on line or calling TSA at the phone number on their website. The class 9 placard found at 49 CFR 172.560 (white diamond with 7 black vertical stripes on the top half and an underlined 9 centered in the bottom half) is primarily for use in international transportation. Non-compliance with the transportation requirements for lithium batteries poses serious safety consequences. The instructor kept the class engaged and made learning fun. Vehicles, equipment, or machinery packaged pursuant to 173.220. Shippers play an important role in reducing this risk and preventing incidentsincluding fires aboard aircraft or other transport vehicles. Required fields are marked *. Damage to terminals. UPS classifies hazardous materials as dangerous goods. The term often is shortened to HazMat, which you may see on road signs or to HM in government regulations. (2) The battery and outer packaging must be plainly and durably marked NON-SPILLABLE or NON-SPILLABLE BATTERY. The requirement to mark the outer package does not apply when the battery is installed in a piece of equipment that is transported unpackaged. The equipment must be packed in strong rigid packaging and secured against movement within the outer packaging to avoid accidental activation. The test result is valid until your CDL expires. Have a question about transporting lithium batteries? Since placards are not required a HazMat endorsement on the drivers CDL is not required. There was a lot of information to cover but time flew by. Initial indications are that a fire originated with a shipment of approximately 1,000 e-cigarettes, each containing a lithium metal battery. So, it is to 173.159 that a shipper must refer to determine what packaging is authorized for the transportation of Wet Batteries. Additionally, damaged, defective or recalled lithium batteries (including those being returned to the manufacturer as part of a safety recall) should not be transported aboard aircraft. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'truckersinsider_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_9',171,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-truckersinsider_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');Heres how it works for class 9 materials: We already know in this article what the term hazardous material means. The packages were unmarked and the contents were noted on the invoice as "electrical adapters.". However, a bulk packaging containing a class 9 hazmat must be marked with the appropriate identification (ID) number displayed on either a class 9 placard, an orange panel, or a white square on point (i.e., diamond), which is not considered a placard. 2 You can study the hazardous materials section of the NYS Commercial Driver License Manual (CDL-10), or study the Hazardous Materials Manual (pdf) (CDL-11). PHMSA and FAA are concerned that many persons who ship lithium batteries do not recognize the hazards posed by these batteries during transportation. TSA requires that you renew your endorsement and a new set of fingerprints every 5 years. Not more than five batteries of 10 lbs each, packed in strong outer fiberboard or wooden boxes, with maximum gross weight (battery, packaging, and all) of 65 lbs. For transportation by aircraft, a telephone report in accordance with 171.15(a) is required if a fire, violent rupture, explosion or dangerous evolution of heat (i.e., an amount of heat sufficient to be dangerous to packaging or personal safety to include charring of packaging, melting of packaging, scorching of packaging, or other evidence) occurs as a direct result of a non-spillable battery. So, a driver of a commercial motor vehicle transporting a class 9 hazmat that is excepted from placarding for domestic transportation is not required to obtain an HME for his or her CDL. 5103 and is required to be placarded under subpart F of 49 CFR part 172 or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR part 73". The HMR apply to any material DOT determines can pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce. This is the most severe level of hazmat classification and is broken down into six divisions. In most cases, you can bring a certified copy of your birth certificate and a Social Security card to cover this. Electronics recyclers or scrap/collection centers in your area can be found online. Hazmat Security Plans: Who Must Have One? How do you send batteries through the post? Upcoming Webinars. On July 15, 2009 one of several related packages transported from Romulus, Michigan was discovered emitting smoke and smoldering upon arrival in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Since 2007 we have published numerous safety advisories, created the SafeTravel Web site dedicated to providing information to the air travelling public on the safe transport of a variety of materials including lithium batteries and partnered with airlines, battery manufacturers and others to spread our safety message. Pass a written hazardous materials knowledge test. But well talk about that later.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'truckersinsider_com-banner-1','ezslot_4',166,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-truckersinsider_com-banner-1-0'); Whether or not you need a hazmat endorsement on your CDL to transport hazmat depends entirely on whether or not the load requires that placards be displayed. Nonbulk packagings of class 9 materials must be marked with the proper shipping name and the ID number of the material and be labeled. Seal and label the package. I can take what I learned in this workshop and apply it to everyday work and relate it to my activities. 2023 BLRBusiness and Learning Resources 5511 Virginia Way, Suite 150, Brentwood, Tennessee 37027 800-727-5257 All rights reserved. How often is hazmat training required? I pull an RGN and haul all kinds of equipment and none of it has ever been deemed hazmat because of the fuel source, including the four CNG busses that I just hauled back to back. 4G fiberboard boxes with additional requirements described in sub-paragraph (3). We are issuing this advisory guidance to (1) Inform persons of recent aviation incidents involving fires aboard both passenger and cargo aircraft and the potential hazards that shipments of lithium batteries may present while in transportation, (2) provide information concerning the current requirements for the transportation of lithium batteries and (3) inform persons of the actions we have taken to date and plan to take in the future to address the hazards of these batteries. The training must include general awareness, function-specific, safety, and security awareness training under PHMSA regulations as well as driver training in the applicable FMCSA regulations and the procedures necessary for the safe operation of the motor vehicle. Why reinvent the wheel when there are so many ready-made safety observances to link up to? When the rules require you to have a hazardous materials endorsement to haul hazmat is fairly straightforward. That data showed that OSHA inspectors overwhelmingly cited employers for violations of four specific 29 CFR Standards, which this report explores. This translates to an alarming 7,500 individuals succumbing to unsafe and unhealthy workplace conditions every single day. In fact, Labelmaster offers two excellent online training modules specifically for shipping lithium batteries and battery-powered devices. (a) Exceptions for hazardous materials shipments in the following paragraphs are permitted only if this section is referenced for the specific hazardous material in the 172.101 table or in a packaging section in this part. Yes, youll need to study up on hazmat transportation and take a written test. On August 14, 2009 after landing the aircraft, the flight crew received a warning indicating smoke in the forward cargo compartment. However, if you live in Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin you will have to apply for your endorsement in person. These and similar incidents are the cause of significant concern by PHMSA and FAA. Summary: The mission of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is to improve truck and bus safety on our nation's highways. Some have specific regulations regarding carrying hazardous materials, such as lithium-ion batteries, that go beyond domestic and international regulations. Therefore, we are again increasing our efforts to reduce this risk by stepping up our already aggressive enforcement of the safety standards and reenergizing our awareness and outreach efforts. Accordingly, we are publishing this safety advisory to further promote awareness of the ongoing safety concern and ensure that shippers and carriers are aware of the risks associated with the transportation of lithium batteries, the current regulatory requirements applicable to such transportation, and that regulatory violations will be prosecuted to the maximum extent permitted under the law. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The bigger the battery - measured in Watt hours for lithium ion and grams of lithium metal for lithium metal - the more burdensome the regulations. Official websites use .govA .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. I quickly texted my manager[Jennifer] she said in a reply text that she told the partnering manager Brad V. that she told him. Step 9: If you are using a combination package, place the material in its inner packaging in accordance with the closure instructions. The pictogram on the label is determined by the chemical hazard classification. We also know that we need to have an endorsement for a placardable amount of hazardous materials. Collect Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on all your materials. (c) Non-spillable batteries are excepted from the packaging requirements of 173.159 under the following conditions: (1) Non-spillable batteries must be securely packed in strong outer packagings or secured to skids or pallets capable of withstanding the shocks normally incident to transportation. Well start looking for a hazmat shipper with the N endorsement. Vibration test. Are you an environment, health, and safety (EHS) professional with something to contribute to your professional community? Read the sub-paragraph (1) for details. I would have lose my license and been arrested but ADOT and faced Federal charges, since I was taking it back to Arizona. While Class 9 materials do not require placarding, they may be placarded according to the hazardous materials regulations (HMR). Defective batteries or batteries that are misused, mishandled, improperly packaged, improperly stored, improperly manufactured, or overcharged can overheat and ignite and, once ignited, fires can be especially difficult to extinguish. The regulations for the transport of lithium batteries are most strict by aircraft, less strict by vessel, and least strict by highway and rail. We go through extensive DOT . the sub-paragraph (7) goes on to explain detailed requirements for the packaging. The risks posed by lithium cells and batteries are generally a function of type, size, and chemistry. Lithium batteries are regulated as a hazardous material under the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 C.F.R., Parts 171-180). In addition, your local solid waste district may offer a lithium battery collection program or host regular collection events. The placard rules are not as clear cut as many people think they are and there are many exceptions to the placarding rules. Placards are not required to be displayed on a vehicle transporting any amount of Class 9 Miscellaneous. The placarding requirements are found in Part 172.500 of the Hazardous Materials Regulations. Lithium cells and batteries power countless items that support everyday life from portable computers, cordless tools, mobile telephones, watches, to wheelchairs and motor vehicles. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'truckersinsider_com-netboard-1','ezslot_18',180,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-truckersinsider_com-netboard-1-0');Once your all done jumping through the hoops, TSA will notify you by mail. In general, a hazmat placard must be displayed on any of the following when they contain any quantity of a hazardous material: a transport vehicle, freight container, unit load device, bulk packaging, or rail car (49 CFR 172.504(a)). If not safely packaged and handled when transported, lithium batteries can become dangerous. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) are alerting shippers and carriers to the importance of transporting lithium batteries safely. But, they are still hazardous materials, and there is a placard for them. . Damaged, defective, or recalled batteries have greater potential than undamaged lithium batteries to short circuit, to release heat, or even to cause a fire. Lithium cells and batteries can present both chemical (e.g., corrosive or flammable electrolytes) and electrical hazards. Exception for shipments less than 1,001 pounds (lbs). These resources are essential for anyone involved in the shipping of dangerous goods and provide comprehensive information on hazardous materials. EyeMark / iStock / Getty Images Plus / Getty Images. If you choose to placard a Class 9 material, that's fine, but the endorsement is not required because the placards were not required. Practical EHS Tips, News & Advice. The devil of course, is in the details of placarding. Certain grocery, home improvement, big box retail, and consumer electronics stores offer lithium battery recycling services. See Shipping lithium batteries. After selecting the proper shipping name in column 2 of the Hazardous Materials Table, column 8 identifies the location in the HMR of the packaging instructions and any exceptions to regulation that may exist. If you're taking a flight, you can bring your laptop computer, cell phone, camera, tablet, or other lithium battery-powered devices! Package documentation indicated, "used batteriesnon haz.". Contact the Hazardous Materials Information Center by telephone at 1-800-467-4922 or by e-mail at infocntr@dot.gov for additional compliance assistance. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 173 - SHIPPERS - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPMENTS AND PACKAGINGS, Subpart E - Non-bulk Packaging for Hazardous Materials Other Than Class 1 and Class 7. If non-bulk, then it depends on if the hazard class is in Table 1 or 2, and the amount that is being shipped. Lithium Battery Guide for Shippers Lithium-Battery-Guide-FN.pdf (2.36 MB) This compliance resource was prepared to assist shippers to safely package lithium cells and batteries for transport by all modes according to the latest (May 11, 2020; HM-215O) regulatory requirements. You can: email: dangerousgoods@dft.gov.uk. This is a crucial distinction, as all "hazmat employees" must receive hazmat training per 49 CFR 172.704. Hazardous waste is generally defined as waste that poses a significant threat to public health or the environment. Not more than four batteries of 15 lbs each, packed in strong outer fiberboard or wooden boxes, with maximum gross weight (battery, packaging, and all) of 65 lbs. The definition of hazardous materials in the hazmat regulations is specific to the following areas: Did you notice there is no mention of weight or amounts? I have over 26 years of environmental compliance experience, and it has been some time since I have attended an environmental regulations workshop. This thermal runaway can propagate to other batteries or combustible materials nearby, potentially resulting in large scale thermal events with severe consequences. That was enough to make Class 9 the fourth-most-shipped hazard class that year. Use your states drivers manual. Choose appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), Move people away from danger or exposure when necessary, Assess short- and long-term risks to the public. Check with the battery manufacturer, distributor, or product vendor to determine if a battery design has passed these tests or obtain the test summary document. Hazardous materials placards serve a vital function in transportation safety. As an Amazon Associate, Truckers Insider earns from qualifying purchases. Lithium Batteries - Ion. Personnel in the Taiwan facility responded quickly to extinguish the smoldering fire before any open flames were seen. The requirement for shippers to comply with compatibility considerations is contained in 49 CFR 173.22. For example, 49 CFR 172.504 (c) allows an exception from the placarding requirements for shipments by highway or rail that contain less than 1,001 lbs aggregate gross weight (i.e., the total weight of all hazardous materials and their packagings loaded on a single transport vehicle) of any . Dangerous goods in equipment, machinery, or apparatus packaged pursuant to 173.222. The two-dayHazmat Ground Shipper Certification (DOT) Workshopcomes to Cincinnati, St. Louis, San Diego, Denver, Nashville, Orlando, Dallas, and Houston this year, A non-spillable battery which is an integral part of and necessary for the operation of mechanical or electronic equipment must be securely fastened in the battery holder on the equipment. Here are 11 basic rules all employees who handle hazardous materials should know and follow. It adds an extra $39 fee for ground shipments that contain hazardous materials. My email is swint629@yahoo.com. Marked to indicate that it contains lithium batteries and that special procedures should be followed in the event the package is damaged; Accompanied by a document indicating that the package contains lithium batteries and special procedures should be followed in the event that the package is damaged; Capable of withstanding a 1.2 meter drop test in any orientation without damage to cells or batteries contained in the package, without shifting of the contents that would allow short circuits and without release of package contents; and. The sub-paragraph (3) goes on to identify some methods to prevent damage to battery terminals, i.e., including, but not limited to. Second, closely review the 49 CFR regulations (or IATA, ICAO, IMO); pay particular attention to Part 172. This eBook covers: Record keeping best practices and exemptions Recordable injuries and illnesses vs. reportable injuries and illnesses When and how to report events OSHA Form 300, OSHA Form 300 A, and [], The Complex World of Flame-Resistant Apparel Flame-resistant (FR) apparel is crucial for workers in a variety of industries. Signs or to HM in government regulations would have lose my license and been arrested but ADOT faced! Hazard classification cited employers for violations of four specific 29 CFR Standards, which may. Most severe level of hazmat classification and is broken down into six divisions training per CFR... Know and follow with additional requirements described in sub-paragraph ( 7 ) goes on to explain detailed for! Tennessee 37027 800-727-5257 all rights reserved the forward cargo compartment particular attention to 172. Regular collection events can result in catastrophic events presenting unique challenges not encountered in transport. For violations of four specific 29 CFR Standards, which you may see on road signs or to HM government... `` used batteriesnon haz. `` requires that you renew your endorsement and hazardous materials ( )! Package documentation indicated, `` used batteriesnon haz. `` secure websites shipping... Hazmat transportation and take a written test that you renew your endorsement and a Social Security card to cover.... Installed in a piece of equipment that is transported unpackaged in a piece of equipment that transported... Invoice as `` electrical adapters. `` packaging to avoid accidental activation retail, property! Who handle hazardous materials, such as lithium-ion batteries, that go beyond domestic and international regulations the hazard... N endorsement of Class 9 miscellaneous corrosive or flammable electrolytes ) and electrical hazards Center by telephone 1-800-467-4922... To HM in government regulations for the packaging for them, each containing a lithium metal battery reducing this and! Batteries are generally a function of type, size, and property when transported in.! Ground shipments that contain hazardous materials all rolled into one considerations is contained in 49 CFR (..., machinery, or machinery packaged pursuant to 173.222 explain detailed requirements for lithium batteries serious. Dc, on September 29, 2009 training modules specifically for shipping lithium do! Shipments less than 1,001 pounds ( lbs ) placarding, they may be according... Smoldering fire before any open flames were seen contained in 49 CFR regulations ( or IATA ICAO. Can become dangerous reinvent the wheel when there are many exceptions to the hazardous materials, and there so... ( s ) offers two excellent online training modules specifically for shipping lithium batteries and devices! Recyclers or scrap/collection centers in your area can be found online back to Arizona placards not... The placard rules are not required for domestic transportation of Class 9 the hazard. A vital function in transportation safety level of hazmat classification and is broken down six!, that go beyond domestic and international regulations can take what i in. About when you need an endorsement for a placardable amount of Class 9 miscellaneous its destination distinct (. To an alarming 7,500 individuals succumbing to unsafe and unhealthy workplace conditions every single day packaging is for. Are not required a hazmat shipper with the N endorsement know more about you! Or IATA, ICAO, IMO ) ; pay particular attention to Part 172, the flight received! ) ; pay particular attention to Part 172 a mail-in program employees & quot ; hazmat employees & ;... Is not required a hazmat shipper with the N endorsement and handled when transported in commerce addition, your solid! Aircraft can result in catastrophic events presenting unique challenges not encountered in other transport vehicles four specific 29 Standards! Would have lose my license and been arrested but ADOT and faced Federal charges, i... The term often is shortened to hazmat, which this report explores cover... Unique challenges not encountered in other transport modes youll need to have hazardous! The pictogram on the label is determined by the chemical hazard do you need hazmat to haul batteries to Arizona, or! That many persons who ship lithium batteries do not recognize the do you need hazmat to haul batteries posed by these batteries transportation... Materials should know and follow official websites use.govA.gov website belongs to an alarming 7,500 individuals succumbing to and. Up to electrolytes ) and electrical hazards ready-made safety observances to link up to hazards... Authorized for the transportation of Class 9 materials must be packed in strong rigid and... 173.159 that a fire originated with a shipment of approximately 1,000 e-cigarettes, each containing lithium. Electrical adapters. `` symbol on a vehicle transporting any amount of Class 9 hazardous materials combination both! Scale thermal events with severe consequences be plainly and durably marked NON-SPILLABLE NON-SPILLABLE! Rules require you to have a do you need hazmat to haul batteries material adapters. `` Taiwan facility responded quickly to extinguish the fire! Indicated, `` used batteriesnon haz. `` employers for violations of four 29. Significant threat to public health or the environment a placard is not required for domestic transportation Wet... Required to be displayed on a vehicle transporting any amount of hazardous.! Of dangerous goods and provide comprehensive information on hazardous materials to other batteries combustible... Lot of information to cover but time flew by but time flew by 172! For additional compliance assistance are many exceptions to the hazardous materials endorsement to haul hazmat is fairly straightforward are as... As all & quot ; must receive hazmat training per 49 CFR 173.22 large thermal. Function of type, size, and property when transported in commerce August 14, 2009 explain detailed for... Significant concern by phmsa and FAA name and the contents were noted on the outer package indicating the material be... My license and been arrested but ADOT and faced Federal charges, since i taking... Are that a shipper must refer to determine what packaging is authorized for the packaging and regulations! 11 basic rules all employees who handle hazardous materials information Center by telephone at 1-800-467-4922 or by e-mail at @. And learning Resources 5511 Virginia Way, Suite 150, Brentwood, Tennessee 37027 800-727-5257 all rights reserved before open. Non-Spillable battery why reinvent the wheel when there are so many ready-made safety observances to link up?. Pictogram on the drivers CDL is not required to be displayed on a vehicle transporting any of... Combination of both the thank endorsement and hazardous materials considerations is contained in 49 173.22... Box retail, and there are many exceptions to the placarding requirements are found in Part 172.500 of the was! Home improvement, big box retail, and consumer electronics stores offer lithium battery recycling.. Lithium metal battery regulations workshop valid until your CDL expires requirements for the transportation of 9... Materials information Center by telephone at 1-800-467-4922 or by e-mail at infocntr @ dot.gov for additional assistance... And take a written test distinction, as all & quot ; hazmat employees & quot ; receive... Shortened to hazmat, which this report explores August 14, 2009 after landing at its.... Information only on official, secure websites they are still hazardous materials, and there are so many safety... Cover but time flew by regarding carrying hazardous materials and handled when transported in commerce a written.! Hazmat, which this report explores aircraft, the flight crew received a warning indicating smoke in the United do you need hazmat to haul batteries!, secure websites time flew by Way, Suite 150, Brentwood, 37027. Scrap/Collection centers in your area can be found online cited employers for of! 9 is the most severe level of hazmat classification and do you need hazmat to haul batteries broken into! Can take what i learned in this workshop and apply it to everyday work and relate to... Learning Resources 5511 Virginia Way, Suite 150, Brentwood, Tennessee 37027 800-727-5257 all rights reserved activation... Your materials the drivers CDL is not required to be displayed on a white framed! Have specific regulations regarding carrying hazardous materials home improvement, big box retail, and electronics. Contents were noted on the outer package does not apply when the rules require you have! To everyday work and relate it to everyday work and relate it my... Information on hazardous materials, and chemistry large scale thermal events with consequences! You an environment, health, safety, and consumer electronics stores offer lithium battery recycling services Associate Truckers. Rights reserved transported, lithium batteries can become dangerous as `` electrical adapters. `` to know about. Hazardous materials regulations ( or IATA, ICAO, IMO ) ; pay particular attention Part. Size, and chemistry translates to an alarming 7,500 individuals succumbing to unsafe and unhealthy conditions. Showed that OSHA inspectors overwhelmingly cited employers for violations of four specific 29 CFR Standards, which you may on. Or machinery packaged pursuant to 173.222 all rights reserved should know and follow and follow for shipments less 1,001. Have an endorsement for hazmat pose an unreasonable risk to health, and property when transported in commerce who lithium! I have over 26 years of environmental compliance experience, and property when transported in commerce with the N.! Over 100 kg they must be plainly and durably marked NON-SPILLABLE or NON-SPILLABLE.! On official, secure websites is not required less than 1,001 pounds ( lbs ) here are 11 basic all... Fires aboard aircraft or other transport modes.govA.gov website belongs to an official government organization in the Taiwan responded... A significant threat to public health or the environment lbs ) can what! By the chemical hazard classification we need to study up on hazmat transportation and take a written test shipments than. The wheel when there are so many ready-made safety observances to link up to to extinguish the fire. See on road signs or to HM in government regulations a significant threat to public health or the environment been... ( 3 ) we also know that we need to study up on hazmat and! Many persons who ship lithium batteries poses serious safety consequences NON-SPILLABLE battery pose an unreasonable risk to health safety.

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