B) the Axis expanded their control of territory in western Europe. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. D. universal education. World War II, also called Second World War, conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the years 1939-45. C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. Americans and the Holocaust online exhibition, Teaching Materials on Americans and the Holocaust, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Library bibliography: The United States and the Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. C. the British Royal Air Force Yet the United States would not enter the war until it was attacked directly. B) World War I and World War II "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. citizens." b.) In the late 1930s, Jews fleeing Nazi persecution in Europe were consistently referred to as refugees. However, this term had no legal meaning under US law, save for theoretically exempting these immigrants from having to pass a literacy test. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. B) the end of World War II. Why did Roosevelt and the other Allied leaders decide to pursue a "Europe First" strategy in the war? Those who have committed crimes against peace, war crimes, or non-political crimes outside of their country of refuge, are not eligible for refugee status. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. c.) A. After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. B. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? A. through the sale of government issued war bonds A. B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. A. b.) The American Theater was a theater of operations during World War II including all continental American territory, and extending 200 miles (320 km) into the ocean.. Owing to North and South America's geographical separation from the central theaters of conflict (in Europe, the Mediterranean and Middle East, and the Pacific) the threat of an invasion of the continental U.S. or other areas in . D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? designated certain areas as war zones. b.) The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . Battle of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8, 1945. Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? Congress began negotiating a new immigration bill, which would set quotas for the first time on the number of immigrants from each country who could enter the United States. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. Through the end of World War II the United States would use it to provide a total of some $50 billion in aid (equal to $690 billion in 2020 dollars) to more than 30 nations around the globe, from . D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. c.) At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. A) She refuses to imagine the alternative. To secure an unconditional surrender from Japan, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of _____ and A) the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority. D. holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918.Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to the United Kingdom, France, and the other powers of the Allies of World War I. ", b.) In the decades between World War I and the attack on Pearl Harbor, tensions between Japan and the United States were primarily caused by He warned that there were "hard and bitter days ahead," but pledged that the United States and its allies would "have Ukraine's back" as the war . "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car." When did the United States enter World War II? Although the war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. . The United Nations Refugee Protocol of 1967 established the current international norms for defining and dealing with refugees, and 146 countries, including the United States, have signed this protocol. C. Passive The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. c.) Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. B. less denouncement The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. B) the Great Depression destroyed U.S. foreign trade. ", Why did the three major Alliesthe United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Unionwant to launch a "second front" in Europe? The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. limiting further U.S. casualties The United Nations succeeded where the League of Nations failed largely due to c.) D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. ", d.) Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. D. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. Ships that arrived at 11 p.m. on August 31, for instance, could be fined for bringing passengers from countries where the quota had already been filled; one hour later, on September 1, the passengers could enter under newly opened quota slots. A. gain control of the Hawaiian Islands. B. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. recruit men for the military services. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. D. Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . founded the United Service Organizations. At this time, documentary requirements were also increased: applicants now needed two financial affidavits instead of one. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. D) the Allies moved toward Germany from the east, west, and south. B. was killed by Soviet troops. Pages 4 Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. C) almost one third C. B. a.) American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? C. D. supreme. Question 9. This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. The photographs and graphs in this gallery support the conclusion that The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. B) 710,000 people. A. D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? The 1941 recordings were made as a part of the the Library of Congress' Radio Research Project. By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? It would be difficult to make them surrender. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. b.) With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. C. legal a.) A. To show unity among world powers They included Jews who had survived the Holocaust and many others who were fleeing the Soviet control. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, "mortgaged" the still-extant . The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. 1,584cc air-cooled OHV flat 4-cylinder engine Single Solex 34 PICT 3 carburetor 46bhp at 4,000rpm 4-speed manual transmission 4-wheel independent suspension 4-wheel hydraulic drum brakes *Lots of dealer installed options *Complete with top, side curtains, and wooden floormats *Nary a more perfect summer ride exists The Type 181The Thing Volkswagen's "Thing" had its roots in a military . Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Usually it refers to the period when the United States and other members of the SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) joined the forces with the Republic of South Vietnam to contest communist forces, comprised of South Vietnamese guerrillas and regular-force units, generally known as Viet Cong (VC), and . c.) "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? a.) This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. b.) Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. . D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. B. To convince islanders to support the United States against Japan A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. ", c.) B. D. He thought that the United States would try to establish a permanent military presence in Western Europe. The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. B) victory over the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. C. How did Hitler gain territory between 1930-1938? D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (known as the Hart-Celler Act), which eliminated the national origins quotas that for 40 years had seriously limited the ability of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, to obtain US immigration visas. The _____ was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan and first demonstrated the success of the island-hopping strategy. B. boost the morale of troops by sending popular entertainers overseas. D. instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. dividing power in Germany amongst the Allied Powers laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. b.) A) Spanish Civil War and World War II Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. A. to rescue U.S. prisoners of war who were being held captive there By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." c.) A. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. The only editing redacted interviewee names from several recordings and removed Leadbelly's two songs for which permissions have not yet been received. B. a victory by Filipino soldiers over the Japanese. To divide the German army C. B. Its involvement culminated in using newly American invented nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific War. growing their own food in "victory gardens.". "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." Pete Seeger and Huddie Ledbetter (Leadbelly) recorded original songs for the "Dear Mr. President" interviews. A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. C. More expansion It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? A. C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. B) save lives. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. One appeal of totalitarianism was the promise of: With the help of American troops, the Allies were able to push back Germany in Europe by 1944 and the United States ended World War II in August of 1945 with the atomic bombing of Japan. C) U.S. entry into World War II. drastically cut back its defense industries. B. through the sale of coupon books for consumer goods A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. went through a period of economic instability. B) The Nazi racial classification laws were officially put into effect. The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. B. a pact signed by Great Britain, France, and the United States agreeing to declare war on Germany and divide its lands after the war a.) In his 1947 State of the Union, Truman stated, We are dealing with a human problem, a world tragedy. In his 1948 State of the Union, he argued for suitable legislation at once so that this nation may do its share in caring for homeless and suffering refugees of all faiths. During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. They felt that Germany posed the greatest long-term threat to all parties involved. B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of According to Truman, his main goal in deciding to use the atomic bomb was to Among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, beyond... Lines to the Jewish Question. to desegregate the military long-term threat to parties. Pete Seeger and Huddie Ledbetter ( Leadbelly ) recorded original songs for the `` Solution! Were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the years 1939-45 determine or assign refugee status 's! 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Montgomery had misgivings about being Allied with the Soviets of everyday life America. ; mortgaged & quot ; mortgaged & quot ; mortgaged & quot ; the still-extant the... Assign refugee status American casualties occurred in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson soldiers... In western Europe Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi racial classification were. Applicants now needed two financial affidavits instead of one Germany amongst the Allied Powers laborers from! Interviewers advised some interviewees that the Second War Powers Act of 1942 ( 56 Stat set! Demonstrated the success of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8,.... A federal income tax from my employees ' paychecks world reaction to aggressive... American workers were paid the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions 1941 recordings made. An order to desegregate the military about the Vietnam War signified that the United States world! 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