Would you like to get this essay by email? People who do take long-term career risks often do so only after fulfilling their primary need for short-term security. Entry to the CCP and to a university involves compulsory courses in Marxist-Leninist thought, which has also become part of popular culture, as evidenced by the 2018 TV talk show Marx Got It Right. There are major differences in the political views of people from different nations.. eligion is another topic that creates differences among cultures.. The United States takes in with high respect the principles of democracy and individualism. (If you want to contribute and have specific expertise, please contact us at opinions@cgtn.com. Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. Conversely, the US law system basis its law from cases held previously and judges uses this as an example when determining most cases that are similar to the present one. The old imperial bureaucracy helps modern Chinese to make the government started on more efficient point to absorb interest than any other countries (King, F. J., The United States and China Fourth Edition, 1979, As well argue in the following pages, these assumptions reflect gaps in their knowledge about Chinas history, culture, and language that encourage them to draw persuasive but deeply flawed analogies between China and other countries. This explains why the People's Republic of China (PRC) never attaches any political strings to its economic deals nor makes ultimatums regarding any of its partners. Springer. The U.S., on the other hand, is a federal constitutional republic with three governmental branches sharing powers. Shanghainese are up-to-date on the newest trends, whereas Beijingers prefer Qing Dynasty fashion. Difference between United States of America Political System and China Introduction . Time is money, in other words. For companies that want to venture into international businesses, it is important to investigate the legal system of that country and how it can affect their day to day business in that nation. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. For any deep analysis of the ideological aspects of the China-U.S. rivalry to be complete, two questions need to be answered: What political interests do the ideologies serve, and in what forms are they presented? The difference between the US and China is that the US is on the North American continent, whereas China lies in Asia. Chinas rulers see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. The geographic location factor is important since it dictates how well a country can be accessed to do business with and both China and United States have good locations since they are connected to water bodies. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. Sometimes, in fact, it must sacrifice economic benefits for political or military ones. Yet as soon as that ideological cover is removed, internal contradictions immediately reveal themselves. Most significantly, the British have a democratic parliamentary government, headed by a monarch and prime minister. In Canada, it is a . But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. Trade wars, nationalism, and the pandemic have led many companies to question their supply chain strategyin particular basing manufacturing in China, thousands of miles from their markets. The primary contrast between China and the U.S. is that the former supports political diversity while the latter aggressively imposes its envisioned political conformity upon all others. However, it is important to compare and contrast countries to see which policies are working in the best way and what can be changed. In this system, the courts depend on the set legal codes by which the juries are only allowed to make their judgment basing on these codes. Amid the unprecedented challenge of COVID-19, clear differences have emerged between the Chinese and American responses. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. One reason China can spend so much on infrastructure is that its defense budget, after years of increases, is still only about a quarter that of the United States. Not blaming China means indirectly acknowledging U.S. shortcomings, which could be explosive in U.S. partisan politics. You cant become a senior leader in China without having proved your worth as a manager. The US is a developed country, its national infrastructure has essentially been completed; China is a developing country and is undergoing large-scale infrastructure construction. The highest court in China is the Supreme Peoples Court, which includes the Chief Justice and over 340 other judges, including 13 that are considered grand justices. Chinas leaders argue that its essentially Leninist rule book makes Chinese politics far less arbitrary or nepotistic than those of many other, notably Western, countries (even though the system has its share of back-scratching and opaque decision-making). The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. Democracy has since then been core in the entire political system (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016). The United States had maintained a fairly consistent foreign policy until Trump. In contrast, the U.S. always does the inverse and never misses an opportunity to pressure others in increasingly creative ways. From the depth of their hearts, Americans confront the reality that the beacon of freedom has to learn from the authoritarian government of communist China in some respects. Wherever PAG operates, we adhere to the same environmental, social, and governance policies. It is also the duty of the representative republic to inform its citizens of their rights, and the candidacy for the elections needs to be transparent since city council members to local judges to mayors, and state legislators are all appointed through voting in the United States. This review discusses recent efforts to systematically compare three leading values in China's philosophical traditionsmeritocracy, hierarchy, and harmony . This paper will compare two great countries the United States and China by looking in details how and why their legal and political systems differ, explain what determines the level of economic development in each country. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. Political credibility and economic development. As a result, economic growth came in tandem with social progress (through, for example, legislation protecting individual choice and minority rights), which made it easy to imagine that they were two sides of a coin. Economic and Political Differences: China VS. United States. The local and minor elections in the country are the only form of citizen engagement that is seen in the political process of China, but there have been many cases of suppression in the minor elections, especially regarding independent candidates. How accessible is it these days? The Stages of Strategic Crime Analysis Report. At every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Party has been central to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape the Chinese people. That means that despite the trade war, the technology war, and the capital warthe U.S. governments restricting American investment in ChinaChinas GDP will most likely be 10% bigger in 2022 than it was in 2019, whereas the U.S. economy probably will only recover to 2019 levels by 2022, according to the International Monetary Fund. The commission has succeeded in reducing corruption in large part because it is essentially above the lawsomething unimaginable in a liberal democracy. The top diplomat also condemned the U.S.'s description of his country as "authoritarian" simply because its democracy is different than America's. With its democratic society, the U.S. is unable to prevent financial capitalism from swelling, or to take dramatic action against vested interests to formulate a model under which finance and industry mutually optimize and complement one another. As market research consistently tells us, the majority of individual Chinese investors behave more like traders. Photo by Charles Clegg [CC BY-SA 2.0] Capitalism's global victory has been achieved through two different types of capitalist systems: the liberal meritocratic capitalism that has developed incrementally in the West, and the state-led authoritarian capitalism that is exemplified by China. . When the United States formed its constitution, it specifically dictated the unalienable rights of every person. This is the most appropriate entry point to reveal the evolution of human-land relationships. The economic nationalism model that ultimately serves U.S. economic interests. Additionally, the paper will also give examples of economic and macro-political changes and show why market-based systems are being adopted by transition economies. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the But the technology war also hurts U.S. suppliers. The Trump administration was determined to damage Chinas economy and businesses. The paper also highlighted citizen engagement in both countries, either through direct elections in the USA or through the CCP controlled nominations in China. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the United States. China and the United States are one of the strongest economies in the world, and both nations are considered superpowers and have contributed significantly to global politics and culture. The big difference is that in China the party, state, and army is led by one person. American companies will do so only if U.S. tariffs become more penalizing than moving would be. But because human beings tend to believe that other humans make decisions as they do, this may be the most difficult assumption for Westerners to overcome. However, in recent times China has overtaken the US by at least one measure of total economic strength, which is GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP). The legal system of a country plays a key role in terms of its marketing and investment opportunities. That leaves much room for growth and many opportunities for investors, particularly in businesses that cater to consumers. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. In our work we have come to see that people in both business and politics often cling to three widely shared but essentially false assumptions about modern China. Eighty percent of the Senate and House of Representatives are male, while only 20 percent are either women or people of color. Its monetary policy is reasonably tight, with the yield on government bonds about 3.5 times that on U.S. Treasuries. Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, A version of this article appeared in the. In China, the legal system "is based on civil laws" (Nolan, 2012). Demonstrators shout "Don't shoot" at the police after curfew as they protest the death of Daunte Wright who was shot and killed by a police officer in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, April 12, 2021. A nation that practice individualism and democracy is more likely to have an economic system that is market-based and this is more desirable since it allows businesses to produce what their products maximally thereby making desirable profits. He was born in China, and his life was upended during the Cultural Revolution, when he was sent off to do farm labor in the Gobi Desert. During the Cold War in the 20th century, and particularly afterward, the U.S. sought to establish and consolidate its leadership role in the international community in the name of freedom and democracy so much so that U.S. hegemony was also often referred to as hegemonic liberalism.. As to the orientation of a new era, however, the Trump administration has yet to offer any answers or insights. The Trump administration, however, has focused on U.S. economic interests, putting the pursuit of hegemonistic benefits in a secondary position. That focus on securing short-term gain is why the young asset manager in Shanghai left a good long-term job for a relatively small but immediate pay raisebehavior that still plagues many businesses trying to retain talent and manage succession pipelines in China. In China, however, growth has come in the context of stable communist rule, suggesting that democracy and growth are not inevitably mutually dependent. Retrieved from https://proessays.net/essays/economic-and-political-differences-china-vs-united-states. . The one long-term asset class in which increasing numbers of Chinese are investedthat is, residential property, ownership of which grew from 14% of 25-to-69-year-olds in 1988 to 93% by 2008is driven also by the need for security: Unlike all other assets, property ensures a roof over ones head if things go wrong, in a system with limited social welfare and a history of sudden policy changes. The closing meeting of the fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing . Globalization has numerous benefits among them promoting the economy of a country but at the same time, it is faced with several obstacles. Until Western companies and politicians accept this reality, they will continue to get China wrong. Moving from Beijing to Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse. Worse, the U.S. has displayed an institutional helplessness in the face of such fundamental problems. Provide your email for sample delivery, You agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions. But defaults and bankruptcies are common in a market economy. Politicians and business leaders continue to misread Chinas strategy and politics. But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. Many Westerners assume that China is on the same development trajectory that Japan, Britain, Germany, and France embarked on in the immediate aftermath of World War IIthe only difference being that the Chinese started much later than other Asian economies, such as South Korea and Malaysia, after a 40-year Maoist detour. A Shanghai journalist is paid by her state-controlled magazine to fly around the world for stories on global lifestyle trends. A. The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. What has caused the frequent conflicts between the two countries? On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. In the countryside life retained many of its traditional elements. And the party has always believed in and emphasized the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist thought, with all they imply. In conclusion, it is not possible to have a unanimous decision on which political and economic practice is best for the entire universe. China is bordered by several countries and lies on the coastline of the Pacific Ocean. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the . In fact, the pandemic has made the world, Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America, Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. The nominations of all the candidates are not done through their own accord or will but need to be nominated by the CCP, and this is done through the election committee that then consults a group of voters through what is called the three ups and three downs. When we first traveled to China, in the early 1990s, it was very different from what we see today. Which serves U.S. interests better, a free and democratic China, or an authoritarian China that identifies with U.S. leadership? Second, the economic structure is different. The PRC isn't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of its partners. Part of the systems legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese is, again, rooted in history: China has often had to fight off invaders and, as is rarely acknowledged in the West, fought essentially alone against Japan from 1937 until 1941, when the U.S. entered World War II. 13 Cultural Differences Between the U.S. and China Social Structure Confrontation/Conflict Self Face/Reputation Business Relations Morals Recognition of the Dead Humility Time Sensitivity Respect Multiculturalism Lack of Personal Space Respect for Elders 1. Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from International and Non-International Armed Conflict, Comparison Between Democracy Vs. Born in 1955, she experienced as a child the terrible Great Leap Forward famine in which 20 million Chinese starved to death. As the United States is considered a representative republic, citizen engagement is all the more important and starts with providing the citizens of the country, regardless of gender and over the age of 18, the right to vote for their communities in the form of local elections that can elect congresses that represent their towns and constituencies as well in the Presidential election for the various arms of the executive branch. The pluralist theory denounces such centralization of power, especially in the hands of the rich or a small percentage reflecting the population, but it does support the idea of groups that control the government such as lobbying groups which are present in the country such as the NRA (OpenStax, 2020). She bought a flatthe first time anyone in her familys history had owned property. The economic nationalism of the U.S. since Donald Trump assumed office is related to the hegemony promoted by the Obama administration and the current leading presidential candidate of the Democratic Party, Joe Biden. The difference in efficiency between the central and local groups is significant. The legislative branch is not only responsible for making laws but is also responsible for the hiring of important figures in central agencies such as the FBI, and it even has the authority to declare war. Reforming Sino-American Cultural Exchange for the Better. Its GDP dropped 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020, but resumed growth from the second quarter onward. But even those concepts lead to considerable misunderstanding on the part of Westerners, who often reduce Confucianism to cloying ideas about peace and cooperation. In such a system innovation is limited since people do don feel motivated to come up with brilliant business ideas because undesirable laws keep on blocking them. Only a sudden surge of such events would herald an economic crisis. That has political implications, of coursefor example, that the public ownership of assets is necessary to ensure an equal distribution of wealthbut the economic outcomes are the focus. And what if the market itself is in China? Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. The space for the two sides to compromise and collaborate has narrowed extremely rapidly. The ideological debate that followed was perhaps inevitable. First, the similarities among both countries institutions would be the hierarchical construction of their judicial system; the separation of three branches of . Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. According to this view, economic growth and increasing prosperity will cause China to move toward a more liberal model for both its economy and its politics, as did those countries. In the China-U.S. ideological competition during the pandemic, what the U.S. seeks is not all about U.S. leadership in the international community nor U.S. economic benefits but rather coping with its identity crisis. As the author Yuval Noah Harari has pointed out, liberalism has had few competitors since the end of the Cold War, when both fascism and communism appeared defeated. By 2008 she was making the most of the rise in disposable incomes by buying new consumer goods that her parents could only have dreamt about. There are, however, other forms of citizen engagement at a more local level when electing a township government, which can be done through public recommendation or public nomination ( (Cheng), 2011). China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. Much of Donald Trumps rhetoric and his actions on China were meant to deflect attention from his leadership failures at home, such as neglecting his duty to protect the public from the coronavirus. The continuous growth of technology and infrastructure in many nations has made globalization to reach its climax. Eligible voters are chosen through a register for rural and urban voters to make the process easier, and smaller elections have a number of 200 to 300 voters while the larger level can have up to 1000 voters. Its aggressive handling of Covid-19in sharp contrast to that of many Western countries with higher death rates and later, less-stringent lockdownshas, if anything, reinforced that view. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. That history also explains the paradox that the rulers and the ruled in China operate on very different time frames. 808 certified writers online. The Vietnamese premier is very powerful. This observation makes one wonder whether the Democrats are exploiting well-intended pro-diversity causes at home as part of a power struggle against Republicans. In much Western analysis the verb most commonly attached to Chinas reforms is stalled. The truth is that political reform in China hasnt stalled. The critical distinction is that the Chinese system is not only Marxist, its Marxist-Leninist. 9. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. The name of the game in China is scale. The pandemic has added urgency, but American politicians appear not to have found the answers. -- China's system of political parties is a system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), not a Western-style multiparty system. Obviously the ideology of nationalist identification under the pandemic has greatly roughened the political landscape for China and the U.S. From the U.S. perspective, upholding the banner of freedom and democracy no longer matters. Doing business in emerging markets. The U.S., on the other hand, is infamous for its self-deluded belief in so-called "American Exceptionalism," to which end it obsessively seeks to force all others to change their ways in order to replicate its own radically. In 2020, a year of severe difficulties all over the world, there was no significant increase in Chinese corporate defaults. These are the reforms China is makingand they need to be understood on their own terms, not simply as a distorted or deficient version of a liberal model. That has huge implications for people seeking to do business in China. It is important to understand the background of the. Some of these challenges are brought about by differences in legal, political and economic systems of different countries. Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? Mandarin. Beijing expats speak Mandarin better than Shanghai ones. Is scale the ruled in China investors, particularly in businesses that cater to consumers most commonly attached Chinas. & Conditions n't just pragmatic, but resumed growth from the second onward... Continuous growth of technology and infrastructure in many nations has made my Mandarin worse by a monarch prime. Economy and businesses headed by a monarch and prime minister key role in terms of its elements. 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To contribute and have specific expertise, please contact us at opinions @ cgtn.com whereas China lies in Asia in! 2016 ) life retained many of its partners and lies on the newest,! Macro-Political changes and show why market-based systems are being adopted by transition economies foreign engagement as a source of! Discussion, the paper will also give examples of economic and political differences: China VS. United States hasnt. U.S. Treasuries you cant become a senior leader in China that in the! Politicians and business leaders continue to misread Chinas strategy and politics PRC n't... The countryside life retained many of its traditional elements @ cgtn.com as politics, the legal system is... That leaves much room for growth and many opportunities for investors, particularly in businesses that to! Your email for sample delivery, you agree to receive our emails and consent to terms. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $ 1.8 trillionless than half of... 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