Dr. BENNET OMALU: I wish I never met Mike Webster. NEWSCASTER: escalates over the long-term effects of taking hits to head on the football field. DOCUMENT: "Omalu et al's description of chronic traumatic encephalopathy is completely wrong.". NARRATOR: And according to Dr. McKee, there was something else, something familiar about the way the NFL committee was acting. Dr. ANN McKEE: There were NFL players out there that were talking to their wives and saying, "I think this might be something." Dr. ROBERT CANTU: The papers started to make statements about multiple head injuries were not a problem in the NFL. NARRATOR: Nevertheless, the commissioner said no. (2001). MARK FAINARU-WADA: They were saying, "Football caused this. I was really scared. PETER KEATING: He went to a school in Guadalajara. No.". STAN SAVRAN, Pittsburgh Sports Reporter: It fit the personality of a society that became more violent, that became faster, wanted instant gratification. So we continued talking again. Oh, yeah! He was Mike Webster. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. PRODUCED BY He was on my left. A new study is the first of its kind to show an association between early exposure to repetitive head impacts and structural brain changes later in life. I'm up against people who don't think that any of this holds any water. I had to make sure the slides were Mike Webster's slides. And I took as much brain trauma as anybody. PRODUCED BY . CHRIS HARVARD: You people should be grateful to have someone of my intelligence in your presence! GINA SEAU: I can understand where certain groups are saying, "Wow. NARRATOR: In 1994, during the NFC championship, Aikman took a knee to the head. NARRATOR: But away from the cameras, the two sides were engaged in tense court-ordered negotiations. This was not something that I made up. And people always say the brain is the last frontier. HENRY FEUER, M.D., MTBI Committee, 1994-2010: I just have a problem. Just a few blocks from NFL headquarters, the commissioner had another problem. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: The league officials, the doctors and scientists serving on the MTBI committee, not only disputed those findings, they went after Dr. Omalu with a vengeance. and August 29, 2017 STEVE FAINARU: There were cracks running the length of his feet, and they were incredibly painful. And so you knew that this was going to be big. NEWSCASTER: There's a changing of the guard at the National Football League. Dr. ANN McKEE: I had an 18-year-old at that time. And that was basically the idea that was conveyed by the NFL in that moment. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The players, initially, they were requesting around $2 billion, or a little more than $2 billion. NARRATOR: Tom and Lisa McHale had three sons. NEWSCASTER: The NFL is committed to medical and scientific research. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation close. You know, that changes the game to me. STEVE FAINARU: Just as they're finishing up the autopsy, the chaplain comes walking into the room and he says, literally, "Houston, we have a problem." And she's told she's not allowed to enter the room. ALAN SCHWARZ: I read on the wire that the NFL had given a million dollars to Boston University. ANNOUNCER . Mark broke the Barry Bonds steroids story. Season 2013: Episode 2. And I knew that I wasn't the only person, but I was a person in a position to make a difference. This is still not something that we're buying into.". That's the way Mike Webster would say it, too. We don't know if concussion in and of itself is what causes the abnormalities. Chris Nowinski secured his brain for Dr. McKee. FRONTLINE Executive Producer Raney Aronson-Rath sits down with series filmmakers for probing conversations about the investigative journalism that drives each FRONTLINE documentary and the stories that shape our time. Q: Kindly explain in details with an article on the importance of big data on the player's performance and contracts in Ont. People didn't notice. JUNIOR SEAU: You have to sacrifice your body. And the answer was, and I'm virtually quoting, "Research has not shown that there are any long-term consequences to concussions in NFL players as long as each injury is treated properly. Dr. BENNET OMALU: When I saw Terry Long's case, I became more convinced that this was not just an anomaly, a statistical anomaly. New York, NY: MBCS. January 28, "League of Denial" was also a ratings success. JUNIOR SEAU: [NFL Films] A perfect hit is when you're faced up, coming one on one, and you hear him go, "Uh" just a little "Uh.". JANE LEAVY, Author, The Woman Who Would Save Football: She's a lightening rod because people see her as the woman out to destroy football as we know it. And he's sacked! MARK FAINARU-WADA: He's a Nigerian-born, incredibly well-educated guy. DOCUMENT: "We therefore urge the authors to retract their paper". MARK FAINARU-WADA: Five minutes later, they're sitting there, they're continuing to hang out, and Aikman suddenly turns to Steinberg and says, "What am I doing here?" (Producer) Bruce, C. (Producer) & Gigliotti, D. (Producer) Nobody ever told me. January 20, STEVE FAINARU: And that decision would change the NFL because if Webster's brain had not been examined, I don't honestly think that we would be where we're at today. It said, you know, "If I get a concussion, am I further at risk for long-term problems?" He had a heart his heart, you know, was getting enlarged. DOCUMENT: "that there is inadequate clinical evidence that the subject had a chronic neurological condition". Oh, let's go to Tampa Bay where the Super Bowl's about to play out, where there's 4,000 media members who are there waiting to watch. And I said, "My God, of course. He didn't know what was going on. They granted Webster monthly disability payments. ", STEVE FAINARU: And Omalu becomes very firm in that moment, and he says, "Fix the brain. Find journal titles available online and in print. ANNOUNCER: Here comes Seau! And the pathologist who's on call that day is this guy, Bennet Omalu. ANNOUNCER: Second and 14, passing down, coming up for Aikman again. Bradshaw fires. What can be done? NARRATOR: Lisa McHale had decided to go public with her husband's story. NARRATOR: Webster was often unable able to sleep. Dr. BENNET OMALU: I assisted at the autopsy. ", CHRIS NOWINSKI, Co-Director, BU CTE Center: I spent time making calls. NARRATOR: the NFL'S spokesman, Greg Aiello, received a call from reporter Alan Schwarz. wykagyl country club menu; which planet has only one ear riddle answer; feargal sharkey daughter; how many deer were harvested in 2022; the gifted fanfiction lauren and john You love 'em wild and woolly, and you're seeing it now. O nama. And I said, "The 49ers." It was a hard message, a difficult message, a bad message, but it appeared to be true. They're now denying their own study. NARRATOR: NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue orchestrated the league's response. NFL NARRATOR: On this down and dirty dance floor, huge men perform a punishing pirouette. NARRATOR: As the concussion crisis deepened, the commissioner faced yet another challenge, a lawsuit brought by more than 4,500 retired players. They're on fire! I don't know how he held onto that! Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. NEWSCASTER: An apparent suicide by a powerful athlete, NEWSCASTER: A beloved NFL star apparently took his own life today. CORRESPONDENT: Is there any evidence as of today that links multiple head injuries with any long-term problem like that? NARRATOR: The Monday night games were always among the highest rated television broadcasts. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: I said that I really think this data is flawed. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. STEVE FAINARU: You have the commissioner of the NFL who's being hauled before Congress to answer why his own research arm has been denying since 1994 that football causes brain damage, when everybody from The New York Times to former NFL players, to the respected research scientists are saying, in fact, the opposite is true. Not long after her trip to Tampa, Dr. McKee received a phone call. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. And bearing in mind that only six former NFL players have been examined for CTE, I find these results to be not only incredibly significant but profoundly disturbing. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. He's he's up in the autopsy room." NARRATOR: and in one of the papers, even suggested their research might apply to younger athletes, despite the fact they had not studied high school or college players. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The Times now suddenly has a huge story, that the NFL has acknowledged a link between brain damage and football. And I'm thinking I should donate my brain to this work.". BENNET OMALU, M.D., Neuropathologist: I was not aware of it. Dr. ANN McKEE: This is a 45-year-old with terrific disease. And you know, her husband, suffering, you know, from dementia, obviously can't be represented there by anybody but her. They didn't want to admit to themselves or anybody else that our beloved sport, probably our most popular sport, could end up with brain damage. And what we've been told is the NFL was offering virtually nothing. League of Denial: The NFL, Concussions, and the Battle for Truth is a 2013 work of investigative nonfiction by brothers Mark Fainaru-Wada and Steve Fainaru. New York published from McGraw Hill Companies. legal Janice Flood . I don't know." January 20, MLA citation generator could help will change over time, you CHRIS NOWINSKI: There were thousands of reporters across the street and probably two dozen who were willing to walk across and learn about CTE. but do not use citation generators.A textbook: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. . A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. Steve Young apparently knocked cold, knocked out cold, walks off the field. JANE LEAVY: The attitude is so careful about that this is a person that's being delivered into their care. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: They were fighting it from the beginning, against just the common sense of, you know, here's this guy, look at him, you know? Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation. Dr. ANN McKEE: We had been able to get the brain of an 18-year-old who had died 10 days after suffering his fourth concussion playing high school sports. NARRATOR: The study went to the heart of the prevalence question. To verify accuracy, check the appropriate style guide. You know, like, she had the experience and they didn't. NARRATOR: Now Goodell was fully in charge of the league's handling of the concussion crisis. longan tree california So that's the that's just when I look back over 30 years of associated with football, that's the thing that's most alarming to me. If it was ignorance, they should have known. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was called by Ira Casson. Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. The stakes for the NFL are obvious. And there may be other confounding factors in terms of the genetics that we simply don't understand. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. bernie casey wife paula casey. NEWSCASTER: Terry Long committed suicide by drinking anti-freeze. Probably the most hurtful charge that's been leveled against her is that she's crossed a line from scientist to activist. We're going to give them the money, advance that science. Whats the truth about the risks to players? ROBERT STERN: Tom McHale was a brilliant guy, went to Cornell, had been playing football since a kid. Mike Wiser. It's not for anyone else." HANK WILLIAMS, Jr.: [ABC "Monday Night Football," 1996] [singing] Are you ready for some football, a Monday night invasion. PAM WEBSTER: We didn't understand what was happening. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers, 1988-97: Certainly, we knew that if you got hit on the head so many times, maybe you had a 20 percent chance of having dementia pugilistica if you were a former professional boxer. NARRATOR: Omalu started at the feet and worked his way up. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a disease, a progressive neuro-degenerative disease, where the end stage leaves tau protein deposition in distinctive areas of the brain, in distinctive locations that separate this disease from any other, like Alzheimer's or some other dementia. NEWSCASTER: If you had children who are 8, 10 and 12, would they play football? In a special two-hour investigation, FRONTLINE reveals the hidden story of the NFL and brain injuries. Dr. JULIAN BAILES: I was not the bearer of good news, probably, in many people's minds. Each annotation must be 100-150 words in length and include the following elements: a paraphrased summary of the article (refer to the note on paraphrasing below), There was a very severe hazard that was present in professional football, and it was a little secret. The league actually never got around to looking at it in any kind of valid way. September 30, 2. NARRATOR: In the end, Dr. Omalu's paper was not retracted. ROGER GOODELL: Well, Bob, that's why we're investing in the research, so that we can answer the question, what is the link? PLAYER: Set the tone! NARRATOR: The first broadcast of Monday Night Football in 1970 marked a turning point in the game's popularity and its revenues. The league donated $30 million dollars to the NIH to study sports injuries, including joint disease, chronic pain and CTE. NARRATOR: His second in command and closest aide, Roger Goodell, took over. Voodoo! And I feel strongly about that, too. You only get one brain. PAM WEBSTER: He took a knife and slashed all his football pictures. NARRATOR: Nowinski decided to take on the NFL in a very public way, at their biggest event, the 2009 Super Bowl. Dr. McKee had read Dr. Omalu's research, but she wanted to see for herself. Now we can get back into some serious business. It looks like in the heart. NARRATOR: And Dr. Omalu received his brain. That was the first I heard of it. NARRATOR: It was now in writing. a Frontline production with Kirk Documentary Group, Ltd. ; WGBH ; produced by Michael Kirk, Jim Gilmore, Mike Wiser ; reported by Jim Gilmore, Steve Fainaru, Mark Fainaru-Wada ; written by Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser and Steve Fainaru & Mark Fainaru-Wada ; directed by Michael Kirk. NARRATOR: They called the defensive line the "steel curtain.". PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: People have suggested strongly to me that he picked up a lot of techniques about how to aggressively defend things that could turn out to be class actions. TV is paying huge money to televise the sport. The number is relatively small. Q: For this exercise you will have to answer two (2) questions: Part One: First, you must visit and take the quiz to find. compliance manager Jay Fialkov . MARK FAINARU-WADA: And that was a dramatic admission back in 2000. Create your citations, reference lists and bibliographies automatically using the APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard referencing styles. NARRATOR: Almost two decades after the NFL founded its first scientific committee to research the issue, the league continues to insist the evidence of a link between CTE and football is unclear. NARRATOR: The NFL would not cooperate with the Fainaru brothers, nor would it talk to FRONTLINE. MARK LOVELL, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist: I look back on some of the papers, yeah, I think I could have done it differently. You're always studying, you're always trying, you're hopeful. Seau made millions. Frontline : juvenile justice. NARRATOR: And there was one other surprise. ROGER GOODELL, NFL Commissioner: We recently committed $30 million to the National Institutes of Health. But we didn't really relate that in a modern sport like football, in a helmeted sport, that it could lead to that. He wasn't the same person. Dr. IRA CASSON: In my opinion, the only scientifically valid evidence of a chronic encephalopathy in athletes is in boxers and in some steeplechase jockeys. ANN MCKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: I'm really wondering if every single football player doesn't have this. NARRATOR: She'd spent years trying to get help from the NFL and its players association. NFL NARRATOR: In the pit, there is more violence per square foot than anywhere else in sport! ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: I called her and said, "Are you interested in looking at the brains of former football players?" COLIN WEBSTER, Son: You know, he was supergluing his teeth back into his head, and he actually made that work. He said, "No, you don't." U.S. Energy Information Administration. NEWSCASTER: The issue is head injuries among players, and if those injuries can lead. NARRATOR: The players believed they had significant leverage, a threat to the NFL. So not only was it an issue for my clients, it was a huge societal issue. Subscribe on YouTube: http://bit.ly/1BycsJWThe National Football League presides over Ameri. A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. DONNIE DAWKINS: We're going to dominate this thing! If they went back into the same contest with a concussion, it didn't matter. Not logged in. Dr. ANN McKEE: 8, 10, 12? YOUTH FOOTBALL TEAM: What time is it? And they were trying to fight back. The NFL wants to keep pushing these questions into the future, keep the discoveries going, make it seem like these questions that still need to be resolved are things that the league is working with doctors and researchers on. The papers were published despite his objections. But rather than just publish in scientific journals, Chris Nowinski was determined to get the word out. NARRATOR: But away from the glamorized hits, there was a darker side. He'd say it was like David and Goliath, over and over, because it was. Chris Borland, a rookie linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers, said that while he's in good health now, he's concerned about his future. And with that head, he'd pop you. And for a couple months at a time, I wouldn't hear from him at all. You may use your text or the GCU Library website to help you, but do not use citation generators.A textbook: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. It's dangerous and it could impact their long-term mental health. Reality therapy 9. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee, who had grown up loving football, has struggled with her feelings about the sport. I'm really wondering where this stops. NARRATOR: But what Otto and others do not know is whether football has also caused injuries they cannot see, the result of what they called getting their bell rung. I mean, your money's gone. Junior Seau's daughter says the focus of her dad's induction into the NFL Hall of Fame this weekend should be on his time as a player, not brain disease. MARK FAINARU-WADA: They get a letter from the league. NEWSCASTER: There is a proposed settlement in a huge concussion lawsuit. FRED SMERLAS, Buffalo Bills, 1979-89: Well, Webby would hit you with his head first. PBS will premiere a Frontline documentary%2C League of Denial%2C on Tuesday night. 2022/5/26. (2013 . I watched them completely fight with doctors at every time to get into the game. It's only for players. NARRATOR: As the concussion story received more attention, the coverage helped spark interest in the nation's capital. MICHAEL ORIARD, Center, Kansas City Chiefs, 1970-73: The way the game is played, I don't see how you can eliminate all of those routine hits that linemen make every play. PAM WEBSTER, Wife: I just loved watching him play. Last Tuesday PBS Frontline premiered League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis, a damning investigation of the National Football League's efforts to suppress and discredit mounting evidence that the head trauma professional football players routinely endure poses grave health risks. STEVE FAINARU: About 200 people are gathered there, and running the show is Ira Casson. I was scared. Mike Wiser, REPORTED BY And then to be down to a place of poverty, a place where, you know, your brain can't function to finish a sentence without some help from Ritalin or whatever you need to function for a short period of time. He'd say, "You know, the worst thing is, is I'm actually getting to the point where sometimes, or if I don't have my medicine," he said, "I'm cold and I don't realize that I can fix it by putting a jacket on.". APA radio and television citation is almost similar with how you cite a book. NARRATOR: It was the brain of 18-year-old Eric Pelly. He may have been "the" legend and "the" hero because here's that blue-collar worker, a center, who doesn't get any glory, doesn't catch the touchdown passes, doesn't kick the 52-yard field goal to win a game. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: The human body was not created or built to play football. They don't have they don't look at they haven't done this work. But I'm not out there crying about it. You know, as much as wrestling is performance, there's a very, very small margin of error. That means denial. NARRATOR: The story of Webster's decline was revealed on ESPN, and then the local newspapers. NARRATOR: The admission would not be made public until years later, when it was discovered by the Fainaru brothers. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He said, almost identically to what he had said before Congress back in 2009, which was, you know, "We're going to let the medical people decide that.". 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